Specification of agricultural machinery

  

The Metrological standard of field crops (pulse crops)

 Pulse crops in Sudan can be diversified into:
1. Winter pulse:
The favorable conditions for growth are in Northern &River Nile State as well as Jebal Marra, there is remarkable productivity in central and western Sudan.
The major crops are broad beans, chickpea, common bean , lentils and beans.
2. summer pulse:
The favorable conducive conditions are in western &central and some parts of southern Sudan ,the main crops are cow pea , pigeon and lablab bean.
Pulse crop are source of protein and used to feed human and livestock and characterized by easy digestibility, it is used for soil fertilization by its nitrogen fixation phenomenon.

 The adoption of the technical packages and improving the marketing and processing facilities are main factors for expansion in pulse crops cultivation.
In view of improving the quality of the products ,there should be emphasis on the standards and quality control of such products so as to increase the competitive advantages of the pulses to match the specifications ordered by the importing countries.
The specification differ from country to other according to the higher and lower standards and the residual effects of the applied chemicals.

Production control:
In order to ease the flow of the pulse crops in the local, regional and international markets, the recommend technical packaged should be considered:
General quality measures for pulse crops :
§ Free from rottening and foreign smells .
§ Clean with not more than 3% impurities.
§ The solid seeds should not exceed 5% .
§ Should be consistent and homogenous in terms of variety, colors and size.
§ Should be free from insects and diseases.
§ For easy cooking and digestibility the imbibition of the seeds should not be less than 100%.
§ The residual effect should not exceed the allowed limits.

Specific quality measures for pulse crops :
Specification of packing, transport, handing and storage materials:
§ The seeds should be packed in plastic or jute bags specified for packing the food stuff and should be labeled.
§ The packs should be new and free from tearing and be to lernt to transport and handing.
§ The seed should be stored in clean & ventilated ware houses.
§ The weight of the unit bag should not exceed 100 kg for easy handing and transport.
§ The ware houses and store should be properly fumigated prior storage of the seeds.
§ The seed for each crop should be tested regularly during the storage period.

Labeling standards :
The labeling standards with clear language and with no contaminated materials include the following information:
§ Name of the producers.
§ Name and address of the importing company of the trade mark.
§ Area of production.
§ Net weight.
§ Date of production.
§ Expire date.

1.  The technical package for summer pulse crops:

1.cow pea :

Activity	Technical package
Land preparation	In sand soils, sowed directly in pits and no need for land preparation.
Date of sowing	Early June and July ,the favorable months for sowing.
Varieties	With high yield ,up right punch and early maturing like (ein Gazal,Haydoub,Gamar Dowrin and Danab el gauz) in addition to local varieties like Alyfa and Garn El kabish.
Seeding rate	10 kg /fed
Weed control	Weeding should be manual before flowering or by the appropriate agrochemicals.
Harvesting	The proper time for harvesting is 80-90 % yellowing stage
Storage	The crop is proned to insect infection , so the insecticides should be applied at storage

 

2.pigeon pea :

Activity	Technical package
Land preparation	The land should be prepared by Ploughing harrowing and leveling according to the soil types.
Date of sowing	Mid June to mid July
Varieties	The good varieties with high yield ,early maturing ,short  and photo neutral (Tayba).
Seeding rate	5-10 kg/fed
Weed control	Either manual or chemicals.
Harvesting	Use of recommended for controlling African ball worn ,Wilting and steam roteing.
Storage	At 80-90% yellowing stage.

 

3.lablab bean :

Activity	Technical package
Land preparation	As cow pea
Date of sowing	July
Varieties	3-6 kg/fed
Seeding rate	Improved baladi
Weed control	Every 10-15 days ,in rainfed areas more than 750mm.
Harvesting	Manual or by chemicals during the 1 rst – 3 weeks of sowing.
Storage	At 80-90 % yellowing.

 

 

The technical packages for winter pulse crops:

1.faba bean

Activity	Technical package
Land preparation	Ploughing, harrowing and leveling for better seed bed preparation.
Date of sowing	1 rst week of November
Varieties	Hudaiba 72,93 , Bsabear ,Siliem,Baladi Muhassan, Shamabt75 , 104 &616.
Seeding rate	50-60kg/fed.
Irrigation intervals	Every 10-15 days.
Weed control	Hand hoeing and chemicals, done within the critical period 3-6 weeks after planting.
Pest control	The chemicals should be used at their economic threshold
harvesting	At 80-90 yellowing

 

2.chick pea

Activity	Technical package
Land preparation	Ploughing , harrowing and leveling , in case of flood irrigation by plough or ridged after seed broad casting
Date of sowing	2nd half of November
Varieties	Shendi,Jebel Marra, Burgaig Atmour, Baladi, Elmatame,Wad hamid.
Seeding rate	25 kg/fed
Irrigation intervals	10-15 days, in case of flood irrigation should be supplemented.
Weed control	Hand hoeing within 1 rst , 3-6 weeks.
Harvesting	At 80-90 % yellowing.

 

3.common Bean

Activity	Technical package
Land preparation	Ploughing ,harrowing, and leveling in case of irrigated in case of flood irrigation with ploughing and planter.
Date of sowing	Last week of October
Varieties	Giza, Bassabir, Sirag, Baladi Mushassan.
Seeding rate	25 kg/fed
Irrigation intervals	10-15 days ,in case of flood irrigation 2 or 1 supplementary irrigation.
Weed control	Hand hoeing at 3-6 weeks.
Pest control	With the recommended chemicals at economic threshold.
Harvesting	80-90% yellow.

 

4.Lentils:

Activity	Technical package
Land preparation	Ploughing, harrowing, and leveling.
Date of sowing	1 rst half of November
Varieties	Suliem, Rubatab,Arebo ,Nada.
Seeding rate	15kg/fed
Irrigation intervals	Every 10-15 days .
Weed control	Either by hand hoeing or chemical.
Pest control	Guarding against birds.
Harvesting	At 80-90% yellow.

5. pens

Activity	Technical package
Land preparation	Ploughing, harrowing, and leveling.
Date of sowing	Last week of October&Mid November.
Varieties	Karima,Baldi
Seeding rate	50 kg/fed
Irrigation intervals	Every 7-10 days.
Weed control	Hand hoeing at 3-6 weeks.
Pest control	At economic threshold using the pesticides.
Harvesting	80-90%  yellowing.